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wave of protests

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1 wave of protests

волна протестов

Politics english-russian dictionary > wave of protests
2 wave

wave [weɪv]

1. noun

   a. (at sea, on lake, on beach) vague f ; (on river, pond) vaguelette f ; (in hair, on surface) ondulation f ; [of dislike, enthusiasm, strikes, protests] vague f

   b. ( = radio wave) onde f

• long wave grandes ondes fpl

• medium/short wave ondes fpl moyennes/courtes

   c. ( = gesture) geste m de la main

• he gave me a cheerful wave il m'a fait un signe joyeux de la main

• with a wave of his hand d'un geste de la main

2. intransitive verb

[person] faire signe de la main ; [flag] flotter (au vent) ; [branch] se balancer ; [grass, corn] onduler

• to wave to sb (in greeting) saluer qn de la main ; (as signal) faire signe à qn

3. transitive verb

[+ flag, handkerchief] agiter ; [+ stick, sword] brandir

• to wave goodbye to sb dire au revoir de la main à qn

• to wave sb through/on faire signe à qn de passer/d'avancer

4. compounds

► wave energy, wave power noun énergie f houlomotrice

► wave about, wave around separable transitive verb

[+ object] agiter dans tous les sens

• to wave one's arms about gesticuler

► wave aside, wave away separable transitive verb

[+ person, object] écarter d'un geste ; [+ objections] écarter ; [+ offer, help] refuser

* * *
[weɪv] 1.
noun

1) ( hand gesture) signe m (de la main)

she gave him a wave from the bus — elle lui a fait signe du bus

with a wave of his wand — d'un coup de baguette magique

2) ( of water) vague f

to make waves — [wind] faire des vagues; fig ( cause a stir) faire du bruit; ( cause trouble) créer des histoires

3) (outbreak, surge) vague f

4) ( in hair) cran m

5) Physics onde f
2.
transitive verb

1) ( move from side to side) gen agiter; brandir [stick, gun]

2)

to wave goodbye to — lit faire au revoir de la main à; fig

you can wave goodbye to your chances of winning — tu peux dire adieu à tes chances de gagner

3) ( direct)

they waved us on/away — ils nous ont fait signe d'avancer/de nous éloigner

4)

to have one's hair waved — se faire faire une mise en plis
3.
intransitive verb

1) ( with hand)

to wave to ou at somebody — saluer quelqu'un de la main

to wave to somebody to do — faire signe à quelqu'un de faire

2) [branches] onduler; [corn] ondoyer; [flag] flotter au vent

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- wave around

- wave aside

- wave off

English-French dictionary > wave
3 ■ wave aside

■ wave aside
v. t. + avv.

1 fare a (q.) il gesto di scostarsi; allontanare (o scostare, ecc.) con un cenno: The teacher waved the boy aside, l'insegnante fece cenno al ragazzo di spostarsi

2 respingere; rifiutare; scartare: to wave a proposal aside, respingere una proposta; to wave an offer aside, rifiutare un'offerta □ to wave sb. 's protests aside, non tener conto delle proteste di q.

English-Italian dictionary > ■ wave aside
4 Wave

1.
[weɪv]noun

1) (lit. or fig.) Welle, die; Woge, die (geh.)

his hair has a natural wave in it — sein Haar ist von Natur aus wellig

a wave of enthusiasm/pain — eine Welle der Begeisterung/des Schmerzes

waves of immigration — Einwanderungswellen

waves of attackers — Angriffswellen

2) (gesture)

give somebody a wave — jemandem zuwinken

with a wave of one's hand — mit einem Winken
2. intransitive verb
1) [Fahne, Flagge, Wimpel:] wehen; [Baum, Gras, Korn:] sich wiegen; [Kornfeld:] wogen

2) (gesture with hand) winken

wave at or to somebody — jemandem zuwinken
3. transitive verb
schwenken; (brandish) schwingen [Schwert, Säbel]

wave one's hand at or to somebody — jemandem zuwinken

she waved her umbrella angrily at him — sie drohte ihm wütend mit dem Regenschirm

stop waving that rifle/those scissors around — hör auf, mit dem Gewehr/der Schere herumzufuchteln (ugs.)

wave somebody on/over — jemanden weiter-/herüberwinken

wave goodbye to somebody — jemandem zum Abschied zuwinken

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/93653/wave_aside">wave aside

- wave away

- wave down

- wave off

* * *
[weiv] 1. noun
1) (a moving ridge, larger than a ripple, moving on the surface of water: rolling waves; a boat tossing on the waves.) die Welle

2) (a vibration travelling eg through the air: radio waves; sound waves; light waves.) die Welle

3) (a curve or curves in the hair: Are those waves natural?) die Welle

4) (a (usually temporary) rise or increase: the recent crime wave; a wave of violence; The pain came in waves.) die Welle

5) (an act of waving: She recognized me, and gave me a wave.) das Winken
2. verb
1) (to move backwards and forwards or flutter: The flags waved gently in the breeze.) wehen

2) (to (cause hair to) curve first one way then the other: She's had her hair waved; Her hair waves naturally.) (sich) wellen

3) (to make a gesture (of greeting etc) with (eg the hand): She waved to me across the street; Everyone was waving handkerchiefs in farewell; They waved goodbye.) winken

•

- wavy
- waviness
- waveband
- wave
- wavelength
- wave aside
* * *

wave

[weɪv]

I. n

1. (of water) Welle f, Woge f geh

crest of a \wave Wellenkamm m

2. ( fig: feeling) Welle f fig, Woge f fig geh

\wave of emotion Gefühlswallung f

on the crest of a \wave ( fig) auf dem Höhepunkt

she's riding on the crest of a \wave sie ist im Moment ganz oben

\wave of fear/panic/sympathy Welle der Angst/Panik/Sympathie

3. (series) Welle f

\wave of redundancies Entlassungswelle f

\wave of terrorism Terrorwelle f

to spark off a \wave of protest eine Welle des Protests auslösen

4. (hand movement) Wink m

with a \wave of the hand mit einer Handbewegung

and then, with a \wave of the hand, she was off und dann winkte sie noch einmal und war verschwunden

to give sb a \wave jdm [zu]winken

5. (hairstyle) Welle f

your hair has a natural \wave dein Haar ist von Natur aus gewellt

6. PHYS Welle f

long/medium/short \wave Lang-/Mittel-/Kurzwelle f

7.

▶ to come over sb in \waves ( fam) jdn immer wieder heimsuchen

▶ to make \waves ( fig: cause shake-up) Unruhe stiften; (create impression) Aufsehen erregen, Staub aufwirbeln fig

II. vi

1. (greet) winken

▪ to \wave at [or to] sb jdm [zu]winken

I \waved at him across the room ich winkte ihm durch den Raum zu

2. (sway) field of grass, field of corn wogen geh; flag wehen, flattern

3. (be wavy) sich akk wellen

III. vt

1. (signal with)

▪ to \wave sth at [or to] sb jdm mit etw dat winken

to \wave one's hand winken

she was waving her hand at the departing car sie winkte dem davonfahrenden Auto hinterher

to \wave one's hands around [mit den Händen] herumfuchteln fam

to \wave sb goodbye [or goodbye to sb] jdm zum Abschied [nach]winken

2. (swing)

▪ to \wave sth etw schwenken

to \wave a magic wand einen Zauberstab schwingen

3. (make wavy)

to \wave one's hair sich dat das Haar wellen

to have one's hair \waved sich dat das Haar wellen lassen

* * *
[weɪv]
1. n

1) (of water PHYS, RAD in hair fig) Welle f; (of hatred, enthusiasm) Welle f, Woge f (liter)

who rules the waves? — wer beherrscht die Meere?

a wave of strikes — eine Streikwelle

a wave of enthusiasm — eine Welle der Begeisterung

during the first wave of the attack — beim ersten Ansturm or in der ersten Angriffswelle

the attacks/attackers came in waves —

from the 5th century onward[s] England was attacked by waves of invaders — vom 5. Jahrhundert an wurde England immer wieder von Eroberungswellen heimgesucht

to make waves (fig inf) — Unruhe stiften

I don't want to make waves but... (fig inf) — ich will ja keinen Staub aufwirbeln, aber...

2)

(= movement of hand) to give sb a wave —

he gave us a wave to show that he was ready — er winkte uns zu, um zu zeigen, dass er bereit war

with a wave he was gone — er winkte kurz und verschwand

with a wave of his hand — mit einer Handbewegung

2. vt

1) (in order to give a sign or greeting) winken mit (at, to sb jdm); (= to wave about) schwenken; (gesticulating, in a dangerous manner) herumfuchteln mit

to wave one's hand to sb — jdm winken

he waved a greeting to the crowd — er winkte grüßend der Menge zu

to wave sb goodbye, to wave goodbye to sb — jdm zum Abschied winken

he waved his hat — er schwenkte seinen Hut

he waved the ticket under my nose —

he waved his stick at the children who were stealing the apples — er drohte den Kindern, die die Äpfel stahlen, mit dem Stock

he waved his fist at the intruders — er drohte den Eindringlingen mit der Faust

2)

(to indicate sb should move) he waved the children across the road — er winkte die Kinder über die Straße

he waved me over to his table — er winkte mich zu sich an den Tisch

he waved me over — er winkte mich zu sich herüber

3) hair wellen

3. vi

1) (person) winken

to wave at or to sb — jdm (zu)winken

there's daddy, wave! — da ist der Papi, wink mal!

don't just wave at the ball, aim to hit it — nicht nur in Richtung Ball fuchteln, du sollst ihn auch treffen!

2) (flag) wehen; (branches) sich hin und her bewegen; (corn) wogen

3) (hair) sich wellen

* * *

Wave [weıv] s SCHIFF, MIL US umg Reservistin f

* * *
1.
[weɪv]noun

1) (lit. or fig.) Welle, die; Woge, die (geh.)

his hair has a natural wave in it — sein Haar ist von Natur aus wellig

a wave of enthusiasm/pain — eine Welle der Begeisterung/des Schmerzes

waves of immigration — Einwanderungswellen

waves of attackers — Angriffswellen

2) (gesture)

give somebody a wave — jemandem zuwinken

with a wave of one's hand — mit einem Winken
2. intransitive verb
1) [Fahne, Flagge, Wimpel:] wehen; [Baum, Gras, Korn:] sich wiegen; [Kornfeld:] wogen

2) (gesture with hand) winken

wave at or to somebody — jemandem zuwinken
3. transitive verb
schwenken; (brandish) schwingen [Schwert, Säbel]

wave one's hand at or to somebody — jemandem zuwinken

she waved her umbrella angrily at him — sie drohte ihm wütend mit dem Regenschirm

stop waving that rifle/those scissors around — hör auf, mit dem Gewehr/der Schere herumzufuchteln (ugs.)

wave somebody on/over — jemanden weiter-/herüberwinken

wave goodbye to somebody — jemandem zum Abschied zuwinken

Phrasal Verbs:

- wave aside

- wave away

- wave down

- wave off

* * *

v.

flattern v.

wehen v.

winken mit v. n.

Welle -n f.

Woge -n f.

English-german dictionary > Wave
5 wave

1.
[weɪv]noun

1) (lit. or fig.) Welle, die; Woge, die (geh.)

his hair has a natural wave in it — sein Haar ist von Natur aus wellig

a wave of enthusiasm/pain — eine Welle der Begeisterung/des Schmerzes

waves of immigration — Einwanderungswellen

waves of attackers — Angriffswellen

2) (gesture)

give somebody a wave — jemandem zuwinken

with a wave of one's hand — mit einem Winken
2. intransitive verb
1) [Fahne, Flagge, Wimpel:] wehen; [Baum, Gras, Korn:] sich wiegen; [Kornfeld:] wogen

2) (gesture with hand) winken

wave at or to somebody — jemandem zuwinken
3. transitive verb
schwenken; (brandish) schwingen [Schwert, Säbel]

wave one's hand at or to somebody — jemandem zuwinken

she waved her umbrella angrily at him — sie drohte ihm wütend mit dem Regenschirm

stop waving that rifle/those scissors around — hör auf, mit dem Gewehr/der Schere herumzufuchteln (ugs.)

wave somebody on/over — jemanden weiter-/herüberwinken

wave goodbye to somebody — jemandem zum Abschied zuwinken

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/93653/wave_aside">wave aside

- wave away

- wave down

- wave off

* * *
[weiv] 1. noun
1) (a moving ridge, larger than a ripple, moving on the surface of water: rolling waves; a boat tossing on the waves.) die Welle

2) (a vibration travelling eg through the air: radio waves; sound waves; light waves.) die Welle

3) (a curve or curves in the hair: Are those waves natural?) die Welle

4) (a (usually temporary) rise or increase: the recent crime wave; a wave of violence; The pain came in waves.) die Welle

5) (an act of waving: She recognized me, and gave me a wave.) das Winken
2. verb
1) (to move backwards and forwards or flutter: The flags waved gently in the breeze.) wehen

2) (to (cause hair to) curve first one way then the other: She's had her hair waved; Her hair waves naturally.) (sich) wellen

3) (to make a gesture (of greeting etc) with (eg the hand): She waved to me across the street; Everyone was waving handkerchiefs in farewell; They waved goodbye.) winken

•

- wavy
- waviness
- waveband
- wave
- wavelength
- wave aside
* * *

wave

[weɪv]

I. n

1. (of water) Welle f, Woge f geh

crest of a \wave Wellenkamm m

2. ( fig: feeling) Welle f fig, Woge f fig geh

\wave of emotion Gefühlswallung f

on the crest of a \wave ( fig) auf dem Höhepunkt

she's riding on the crest of a \wave sie ist im Moment ganz oben

\wave of fear/panic/sympathy Welle der Angst/Panik/Sympathie

3. (series) Welle f

\wave of redundancies Entlassungswelle f

\wave of terrorism Terrorwelle f

to spark off a \wave of protest eine Welle des Protests auslösen

4. (hand movement) Wink m

with a \wave of the hand mit einer Handbewegung

and then, with a \wave of the hand, she was off und dann winkte sie noch einmal und war verschwunden

to give sb a \wave jdm [zu]winken

5. (hairstyle) Welle f

your hair has a natural \wave dein Haar ist von Natur aus gewellt

6. PHYS Welle f

long/medium/short \wave Lang-/Mittel-/Kurzwelle f

7.

▶ to come over sb in \waves ( fam) jdn immer wieder heimsuchen

▶ to make \waves ( fig: cause shake-up) Unruhe stiften; (create impression) Aufsehen erregen, Staub aufwirbeln fig

II. vi

1. (greet) winken

▪ to \wave at [or to] sb jdm [zu]winken

I \waved at him across the room ich winkte ihm durch den Raum zu

2. (sway) field of grass, field of corn wogen geh; flag wehen, flattern

3. (be wavy) sich akk wellen

III. vt

1. (signal with)

▪ to \wave sth at [or to] sb jdm mit etw dat winken

to \wave one's hand winken

she was waving her hand at the departing car sie winkte dem davonfahrenden Auto hinterher

to \wave one's hands around [mit den Händen] herumfuchteln fam

to \wave sb goodbye [or goodbye to sb] jdm zum Abschied [nach]winken

2. (swing)

▪ to \wave sth etw schwenken

to \wave a magic wand einen Zauberstab schwingen

3. (make wavy)

to \wave one's hair sich dat das Haar wellen

to have one's hair \waved sich dat das Haar wellen lassen

* * *
[weɪv]
1. n

1) (of water PHYS, RAD in hair fig) Welle f; (of hatred, enthusiasm) Welle f, Woge f (liter)

who rules the waves? — wer beherrscht die Meere?

a wave of strikes — eine Streikwelle

a wave of enthusiasm — eine Welle der Begeisterung

during the first wave of the attack — beim ersten Ansturm or in der ersten Angriffswelle

the attacks/attackers came in waves —

from the 5th century onward[s] England was attacked by waves of invaders — vom 5. Jahrhundert an wurde England immer wieder von Eroberungswellen heimgesucht

to make waves (fig inf) — Unruhe stiften

I don't want to make waves but... (fig inf) — ich will ja keinen Staub aufwirbeln, aber...

2)

(= movement of hand) to give sb a wave —

he gave us a wave to show that he was ready — er winkte uns zu, um zu zeigen, dass er bereit war

with a wave he was gone — er winkte kurz und verschwand

with a wave of his hand — mit einer Handbewegung

2. vt

1) (in order to give a sign or greeting) winken mit (at, to sb jdm); (= to wave about) schwenken; (gesticulating, in a dangerous manner) herumfuchteln mit

to wave one's hand to sb — jdm winken

he waved a greeting to the crowd — er winkte grüßend der Menge zu

to wave sb goodbye, to wave goodbye to sb — jdm zum Abschied winken

he waved his hat — er schwenkte seinen Hut

he waved the ticket under my nose —

he waved his stick at the children who were stealing the apples — er drohte den Kindern, die die Äpfel stahlen, mit dem Stock

he waved his fist at the intruders — er drohte den Eindringlingen mit der Faust

2)

(to indicate sb should move) he waved the children across the road — er winkte die Kinder über die Straße

he waved me over to his table — er winkte mich zu sich an den Tisch

he waved me over — er winkte mich zu sich herüber

3) hair wellen

3. vi

1) (person) winken

to wave at or to sb — jdm (zu)winken

there's daddy, wave! — da ist der Papi, wink mal!

don't just wave at the ball, aim to hit it — nicht nur in Richtung Ball fuchteln, du sollst ihn auch treffen!

2) (flag) wehen; (branches) sich hin und her bewegen; (corn) wogen

3) (hair) sich wellen

* * *

wave [weıv]

A s

1. Welle f, Woge f (beide auch fig):

the waves pl besonders poet die See;

a wave of indignation eine Woge der Entrüstung;

make waves US Wellen schlagen, Aufsehen erregen

2. (Boden- etc) Welle f, wellenförmige Unebenheit

3. fig (Angriffs- etc) Welle f:

wave of attack;

wave of immigrants Einwandererwelle;

wave of strikes Streikwelle;

wave after wave Welle um Welle;

in waves in Wellen, schubweise

4. ELEK, PHYS Welle f

5. TECH

a) Welle f, Flamme f (im Stoff)

b) TYPO Guilloche f (Zierlinie)

6. (Haar)Welle f

7. Wink(en) m(n), Schwenken n:

a wave of the hand ein Wink mit der Hand, eine Handbewegung;

give sb a wave jemandem (zu)winken;

give a friendly wave freundlich winken

B v/i

1. wogen, sich wellenartig bewegen

2. wehen, flattern

3. winken, Zeichen geben:

wave at ( oder to) sb jemandem (zu)winken;

wave after sb jemandem nachwinken

4. sich wellen (Haar)

C v/t

1. wellenförmig bewegen

2. a) eine Fahne, Waffe etc schwenken, schwingen, hin und her bewegen:

wave one’s arms mit den Armen fuchteln;

wave one’s fist at sb jemandem mit der Faust drohen

b) winken mit:

wave one’s hand (mit der Hand) winken (at oder to sb jemandem)

3. jemandes Haar etc wellen, in Wellen legen

4. TECH

a) Stoff flammen, moirieren

b) Wertpapiere etc guillochieren, mit Zierlinien versehen

5. jemandem (zu)winken:

wave a train to a halt einen Zug durch Winkzeichen anhalten;

wave aside

a) jemanden beiseitewinken,

b) fig einen Einwand etc abtun;

wave away

a) jemanden abweisen,

b) Fliegen etc (mit der Hand) verscheuchen;

wave down ein Auto etc anhalten, stoppen;

wave goodbye to

a) jemandem zum Abschied winken,

b) umg etwas in den Schornstein schreiben;

wave nearer heranwinken

* * *
1.
[weɪv]noun

1) (lit. or fig.) Welle, die; Woge, die (geh.)

his hair has a natural wave in it — sein Haar ist von Natur aus wellig

a wave of enthusiasm/pain — eine Welle der Begeisterung/des Schmerzes

waves of immigration — Einwanderungswellen

waves of attackers — Angriffswellen

2) (gesture)

give somebody a wave — jemandem zuwinken

with a wave of one's hand — mit einem Winken
2. intransitive verb
1) [Fahne, Flagge, Wimpel:] wehen; [Baum, Gras, Korn:] sich wiegen; [Kornfeld:] wogen

2) (gesture with hand) winken

wave at or to somebody — jemandem zuwinken
3. transitive verb
schwenken; (brandish) schwingen [Schwert, Säbel]

wave one's hand at or to somebody — jemandem zuwinken

she waved her umbrella angrily at him — sie drohte ihm wütend mit dem Regenschirm

stop waving that rifle/those scissors around — hör auf, mit dem Gewehr/der Schere herumzufuchteln (ugs.)

wave somebody on/over — jemanden weiter-/herüberwinken

wave goodbye to somebody — jemandem zum Abschied zuwinken

Phrasal Verbs:

- wave aside

- wave away

- wave down

- wave off

* * *

v.

flattern v.

wehen v.

winken mit v. n.

Welle -n f.

Woge -n f.

English-german dictionary > wave
6 wave

[weɪv] n

1) ( of water) Welle f, Woge f ( geh)

crest of a \wave Wellenkamm m;

2) (fig: feeling) Welle f ( fig), Woge f ( fig) ( geh)

\wave of emotion Gefühlswallung f;

on the crest of a \wave ( fig) auf dem Höhepunkt;

she's riding on the crest of a \wave sie ist im Moment ganz oben;

\wave of fear/ panic/ sympathy Welle der Angst/Panik/Sympathie

3) ( series) Welle f;

\wave of redundancies Entlassungswelle f;

\wave of terrorism Terrorwelle f;

to spark off a \wave of protest eine Welle des Protests auslösen

4) ( hand movement) Wink m;

with a \wave of the hand mit einer Handbewegung;

and then, with a \wave of the hand, she was off und dann winkte sie noch einmal und war verschwunden;

to give sb a \wave jdm [zu]winken

5) ( hairstyle) Welle f;

your hair has a natural \wave dein Haar ist von Natur aus gewellt

6) phys Welle f;

long/ medium/short \wave Lang-/Mittel-/Kurzwelle f

PHRASES:

to come over sb in \waves ( fam) jdn immer wieder heimsuchen;

to make \waves;

(fig: cause shake-up) Unruhe stiften;

( create impression) Aufsehen erregen, Staub aufwirbeln ( fig) vi

1) ( greet) winken;

to \wave at [or to] sb jdm [zu]winken;

I \waved at him across the room ich winkte ihm durch den Raum zu

2) ( sway) field of grass, field of corn wogen ( geh) flag wehen, flattern

3) ( be wavy) sich akk wellen vt

1) ( signal with)

to \wave sth at [or to] sb jdm mit etw dat winken;

to \wave one's hand winken;

she was waving her hand at the departing car sie winkte dem davonfahrenden Auto hinterher;

to \wave one's hands around [mit den Händen] herumfuchteln ( fam)

to \wave sb goodbye [or goodbye to sb] jdm zum Abschied [nach]winken

2) ( swing)

to \wave sth etw schwenken;

to \wave a magic wand einen Zauberstab schwingen

3) ( make wavy)

to \wave one's hair sich dat das Haar wellen;

to have one's hair \waved sich dat das Haar wellen lassen

English-German students dictionary > wave
7 волна протестов

wave of protests

Русско-английский политический словарь > волна протестов
8 protest

1. n
(against, about, at, over) протест; демонстрация протеста (против, по поводу)

to abandon one's protest — отказываться от своего протеста

to arouse a protest — вызывать протест

to break up a protest — разгонять демонстрацию протеста

to bring protests from smb — вызвать протесты с чьей-л. стороны

to call off the protests — отменять демонстрации протеста

to cause a storm of protests from smb — вызывать бурю протестов с чьей-л. стороны

to crush a protest — подавлять демонстрацию протеста

to curb the wave of protests — останавливать волну протестов

to dampen (down) the protests — ослаблять протесты

to decline a protest — отклонять протест

to defy the vehement protests — игнорировать яростные протесты

to deliver a sharp protest — передавать / вручать ноту / послание с выражением резкого протеста

to draw protests from smb — вызывать протесты с чьей-л. стороны

to end the protest — пресекать демонстрацию протеста

to enter a protest — подавать протест

to express a protest — выражать протест

to face an immense wave of protests — сталкиваться с мощной волной протестов

to forestall protests — предупреждать протесты

to hold one's protest — проводить демонстрацию протеста

to incite anti-government protests — подстрекать к демонстрации протеста против политики правительства

to initiate a protest — быть инициатором демонстрации протеста

to instigate (a) protest — подстрекать к протесту / к демонстрации протеста

to issue a token protest — публиковать формальный протест

to launch a protest — выступать с протестом

to lodge a protest with smb — заявлять протест кому-л.

to make a formal protest (to smb) — заявлять официальный протест (кому-л.)

to mount / to orchestrate / to organize a protest — организовывать демонстрацию протеста

to pick up the social protest — воспользоваться социальным протестом

to prompt protest from smb — вызывать протесты с чьей-л. стороны

to provoke protests — вызывать протесты

to put down the large-scale show of protests — подавлять многочисленные проявления протеста

to quell a protest — подавлять протест / демонстрации протеста

to raise one's voice in protest — выражать протест

to reject a protest — отклонять протест

to resign in protest (at smth) — уходить в отставку в знак протеста (против чего-л.)

to spark (off) protests — вызывать протесты

to stage a protest — организовывать демонстрацию протеста

to stamp out protests — положить конец протестам

to start a wave of protests — вызывать волну протестов

to step up one's protests — усиливать протест

to take one's protest far enough — заходить достаточно далеко в своем протесте

to take the steam out of smb's protests — ослаблять чей-л. протест, устранив главную причину

to voice one's protest (against smth) — выражать протест (против чего-л.)

to walk out in protest (against smth) — покидать заседание в знак протеста (против чего-л.)

- amid continuing protests
- angry protest
- anti-government protest
- anti-nuclear protest
- as protest against smth
- as protest at smth
- as protest over smth
- big protest
- black protest
- categorical protest
- day of national protest
- daylong protest
- diplomatic protest
- disciplined and orderly protests
- disruptive protest
- emotionally charged protest
- energetic protest
- eruption of protests
- ethnic protest
- extraparliamentary protests
- formal protest
- freedom protest
- in protest against smth
- in protest at smth
- in protest over smth
- international protests
- legitimate protest
- mass protest
- massive protest
- mounting protest
- muted protest
- nationalist protest
- note of protest

- official protest
- orchestrated protest
- peaceful protest
- pro-democracy protest
- protest continues unabated
- protest has engulfed a large area
- protest has erupted into violence
- protests were politically motivated
- public protest
- renewed protests
- repression of protests
- resolute protest
- resurgence of mass protest
- scattered protests
- silent protest
- sit-down protest
- sit-in protest
- sizable protest
- spontaneous gesture of protest
- spontaneous protest
- stiff protest
- storm of protests
- street protest
- strong protest
- student protest
- suicide protest
- vigorous protest
- violent protest
- wave of protests
- widespread protests 2. v
(to smb about / against / at / over smth; амер. protest smth) возражать, заявлять (кому-л.) протест, протестовать (по поводу чего-л.)

to protest strongly — заявлять решительный протест

Politics english-russian dictionary > protest
9 marejada

f.

1 heavy sea.

2 wave of discontent.

3 sea swell, strong sea, surf, heavy sea.

4 tidal wave, swell, groundswell, large wave.

* * *

marejada

► nombre femenino

1 swell

* * *

SF

1) (Náut) swell, heavy sea

2) (=oleada) [de descontento, protesta] wave, upsurge

* * *

femenino heavy sea, swell

una marejada de protestas — a wave of protests

* * *

= heavy sea.

Ex. This procedure when mooring a vessel can be hazardous, especially in heavy seas, since a person must walk forward on deck.

* * *

femenino heavy sea, swell

una marejada de protestas — a wave of protests

* * *

= heavy sea.

Ex: This procedure when mooring a vessel can be hazardous, especially in heavy seas, since a person must walk forward on deck.

* * *

marejada

feminine

heavy sea, swell

una marejada de protestas a wave of protests

* * *

marejada sustantivo femenino
heavy sea, swell
' marejada' also found in these entries:
English:
sea
- swell

* * *

marejada nf

1. [mar agitada] heavy sea, swell

2. [agitación] wave of discontent

* * *

marejada

f heavy sea

* * *

marejada nf

1) : surge, swell (of the sea)

2) : undercurrent, ferment, unrest

Spanish-English dictionary > marejada
10 oleada

f.

1 swell.

2 wave.

3 surge, billow, wave, beating of waves.

4 great number, great surge, surge.

* * *

oleada

► nombre femenino

1 big wave

2 figurado wave

■ una oleada de atentados a wave of terrorist attacks

* * *

SF

1) (Náut) big wave

2) (=gran cantidad) [de jóvenes, artistas] wave; [de atentados, huelgas] spate; [de inflación] surge

una gran oleada de gente — a great surge of people

la primera oleada del ataque — the first wave of the attack

* * *

femenino wave

* * *

= wave, groundswell.

Ex. Encouraged by these developments, successive waves of cheap labor immigrated from Europe.

Ex. The groundswell of movement towards integrating previously unrelated technologies and markets is now gathering a reasonable head of steam.

----

* oleada de calor = heat wave.

* oleada de frío = cold wave, cold snap.

* una oleada de = an army of, a flurry of, a swell of.

* * *

femenino wave

* * *

= wave, groundswell.

Ex: Encouraged by these developments, successive waves of cheap labor immigrated from Europe.

Ex: The groundswell of movement towards integrating previously unrelated technologies and markets is now gathering a reasonable head of steam.

* oleada de calor = heat wave.

* oleada de frío = cold wave, cold snap.

* una oleada de = an army of, a flurry of, a swell of.

* * *

oleada

feminine

wave

una oleada de turistas a flood o wave of tourists

una oleada de huelgas a wave o spate of strikes

una oleada de sangre se le subió al rostro he blushed furiously o the blood rushed to his face

* * *

oleada sustantivo femenino
wave
oleada sustantivo femenino
1 (de mar) wave
2 (avalancha, gran cantidad) wave
' oleada' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
raudal
English:
flurry
- groundswell
- nationalist
- sea
- surge
- tide
- wave
- glow
- swell

* * *

oleada nf

1. [del mar] wave

2. [de protestas, atentados] wave;

sentí una oleada de indignación I felt a surge of indignation

* * *

oleada

f fig

wave, flood

* * *

oleada nf

: swell, wave

una oleada de protestas: a wave of protests

* * *

oleada n wave

Spanish-English dictionary > oleada
11 desencadenar

v.

1 to unchain (preso, perro).

Ricardo desencadenó al perro Richard unchained the dog.

2 to give rise to, to spark off.

la medida desencadenó fuertes protestas the measure provoked furious protests

3 to trigger, to detonate, to activate, to provoke.

Su actitud desencadenó un pleito Her attitude triggered the fight.

* * *

desencadenar

► verbo transitivo

1 (quitar la cadena) to unchain

2 (pasiones) to unleash

3 figurado (producir) to spark off, give rise to

■ la detención desencadenó la revuelta the arrest sparked off the riot

► verbo pronominal desencadenarse

1 (desatarse) to break loose

2 (guerra) to break out

■ se desencadenó una tormenta a storm broke

3 (acontecimientos) to start

* * *

verb

to trigger

* * *

1. VT

1) (=quitar las cadenas de) [+ prisionero] to unchain; [+ perro] to unleash

2) (=desatar) [+ ira] to unleash; [+ crisis] to trigger, set off

2.

See:

desencadenarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <crisis/protesta/reacción> to trigger

b) < perro> to unleash, let... off the leash; < preso> to unchain, unshackle
2.
desencadenarse v pron explosión/reacción to be triggered off; guerra to break out; tempestad to break

se desencadenó una ola de protestas — a storm of protests erupted

* * *

= spark off, trigger, spark, unleash, touch off, set off.

Ex. Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.

Ex. Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.

Ex. The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.

Ex. The economic climate of the 1980s, unleashing competitive forces and threatening the survival of some institutions, has had a major impact on both hospitals and academic health centres.

Ex. This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.

Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <crisis/protesta/reacción> to trigger

b) < perro> to unleash, let... off the leash; < preso> to unchain, unshackle
2.
desencadenarse v pron explosión/reacción to be triggered off; guerra to break out; tempestad to break

se desencadenó una ola de protestas — a storm of protests erupted

* * *

= spark off, trigger, spark, unleash, touch off, set off.

Ex: Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.

Ex: Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.

Ex: The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.

Ex: The economic climate of the 1980s, unleashing competitive forces and threatening the survival of some institutions, has had a major impact on both hospitals and academic health centres.

Ex: This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.

Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.

* * *

desencadenar [A1 ]

vt

1 ‹crisis/protesta› to trigger

la matanza desencadenó una ola de protestas the killings triggered o unleashed a wave of protest

2 ‹explosión/reacción› to trigger

3 ‹perro› to unleash, let … off the leash; ‹preso› to unchain, unshackle

■ desencadenarse

v pron

«explosión/reacción» to be triggered off; «guerra» to break out; «crisis» to break

de repente se desencadenó una violenta tempestad suddenly a violent storm broke

se desencadenó una ola de protestas a storm of protests erupted, it provoked a storm of protests

* * *

desencadenar ( conjugate desencadenar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹crisis/protesta/reacción› to trigger

b) ‹ perro› to unleash;

‹ preso› to unchain
desencadenarse verbo pronominal [explosión/reacción] to be triggered off;
[ guerra] to break out;
[ tempestad] to break
desencadenar verbo transitivo
1 to unchain
2 (producir, dar lugar) to unleash
' desencadenar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desatar
English:
set off
- start
- touch off
- trigger
- unleash

* * *

desencadenar

♦ vt

1. [preso, perro] to unchain

2. [viento, tormenta] to unleash

3. [accidente, polémica] to give rise to;
[pasión] to unleash; [conflicto] to trigger, to spark off;
la medida desencadenó fuertes protestas the measure triggered furious protests

♦ See also the pronominal verb desencadenarse

* * *

desencadenar

v/t fig

set off, trigger

* * *

desencadenar vt

1) : to unchain

2) : to trigger, to unleash

♦ See also the reflexive verb desencadenarse

Spanish-English dictionary > desencadenar
12 Woge

f; -, -n; geh.

1. wave, billow

2. fig. wave, surge; die Wogen glätten pour oil on troubled waters; die Wogen glätten sich things are calming down

* * *

die Woge

billow; wave; surge

* * *
Wo|ge ['voːgə]
f -, -n
wave; (fig auch) surge
wenn sich die Wógen geglättet haben (fig) — when things have calmed down

* * *

die

(a large wave.) billow

* * *

Wo·ge

<-, -n>

[ˈvo:gə]

f

1. (große Welle) wave

2. (fig: Welle) surge

eine \Woge des Protests a surge of protest

wenn sich die \Wogen geglättet haben when things have calmed down

* * *

die; Woge, Wogen (auch fig.) wave

* * *

Woge f; -, -n; geh

1. wave, billow

2. fig wave, surge;

die Wogen glätten pour oil on troubled waters;

die Wogen glätten sich things are calming down

* * *

die; Woge, Wogen (auch fig.) wave

* * *

-n f.

billow n.

wave n.

welter n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Woge
13 Sturm

m; -(e)s, Stürme

1. storm; (starker Wind) gale; lit. tempest; das Barometer steht auf Sturm the barometer is pointing to ‚storm’; fig. there’s trouble brewing; Sturm läuten ring the alarm bell; fig. (klingeln) lean on the bell; einen Sturm der Entrüstung auslösen cause a huge (public) outcry; Sturm des Protests / Beifalls storm of protest / tumultuous applause; ein Sturm des Gelächters a gale of laughter; ein Sturm im Wasserglas a storm in a teacup, Am. a tempest in a teapot; bei ihnen herrscht Sturm umg. they’re having a row

2. Sturm und Drang LIT. Sturm und Drang, Storm and Stress; Sturm-und-Drang-Zeit

3. MIL. (Angriff, auch fig.) attack, assault; Sturm auf Waren / eine Bank WIRTS. rush for goods (Am. merchandise) / run on a bank; Sturm laufen gegen be up in arms against; etw. / fig. jemanden im Sturm erobern take s.th. by storm / sweep s.o. off his ( oder her) feet

4. nur Sg.; Sport (Stürmerreihe) forward line, forwards Pl.; im Sturm spielen play in a forward position ( oder up front); einen starken / schwachen Sturm haben have a strong / weak attack

* * *

der Sturm

(Angriff) assault; rush;

(Sport) forward line;

(Unwetter) storm; gale; tempest; whirlwind

* * *
Stụrm [ʃtʊrm]
m -(e)s, -e
['ʃtʏrmə]
1) (lit, fig) storm

in Sturm und Regen — in wind and rain

das Barometer steht auf Sturm (lit) — the barometer is indicating stormy weather; (fig) there's a storm brewing

die Ruhe or Stille vor dem Sturm — the calm before the storm

ein Sturm im Wasserglas (fig) — a storm in a teacup (Brit), a tempest in a teapot (US)

Sturm läuten — to keep one's finger on the doorbell

die Stürme des Lebens — the storms of life, the ups and downs of life

ein Sturm der Begeisterung/Entrüstung — a wave of enthusiasm/indignation

im Sturm der Leidenschaft (geh) — in the throes of passion

Sturm und Drang (Liter) — Storm and Stress, Sturm und Drang; (fig) emotion

2) (= Angriff) attack (auf on); (MIL) assault, attack; (SPORT = Stürmerreihe) forward line

etw im Sturm nehmen (Mil, fig) — to take sth by storm

zum Sturm blasen (Mil fig) — fig) to sound the attack

gegen etw Sturm laufen (fig) — to be up in arms against sth

ein Sturm auf die Banken/Aktien — a run on the banks/shares

ein Sturm auf die Karten/Plätze — a rush for tickets/seats

der Sturm auf die Festung/Bastille — the storming of the stronghold/Bastille

See:

→ erobern

* * *

der

1) (an attack made by moving quickly: the charge of the Light Brigade.) charge

2) (a strong wind: Many trees were blown down in the gale.) gale

3) (a sudden quick movement: They made a rush for the door.) rush

4) (a violent disturbance in the air causing wind, rain, thunder etc: a rainstorm; a thunderstorm; a storm at sea; The roof was damaged by the storm.) storm

5) (a violent outbreak of feeling etc: A storm of anger greeted his speech; a storm of applause.) storm

6) (a violent storm, with very strong winds: A tempest arose and they were drowned at sea.) tempest

7) turbulence

* * *

Sturm

<-[e]s, Stürme>

[ʃtʊrm, pl ˈʃtʏrmə]

m

1. (starker Wind) storm, gale; s.a. Barometer

2. FBALL forward line

im \Sturm spielen to play in attack [or up front

3. (heftiger Andrang)

▪ ein \Sturm auf etw akk a rush for sth

ein \Sturm auf Karten/Plätze/das Flugzeug a rush for tickets/seats/the plane

ein \Sturm auf die Bank a run on the bank

4. MIL (Angriff)

im \Sturm by storm

der \Sturm auf die Bastille the storming of the Bastille

5.

▶ \Sturm und Drang LIT Sturm und Drang, Storm and Stress

▶ gegen etw akk \Sturm laufen to be up in arms against sth

▶ \Sturm läuten to lean on the [door]bell

▶ die Menschen [o die Herzen] im \Sturm erobern [o nehmen] to take people by storm [or capture people's hearts]

* * *

der; Sturm[e]s, Stürme

1) storm; (heftiger Wind) gale

bei od. in Sturm und Regen — in the wind and rain

ein Sturm im Wasserglas — a storm in a teacup

2) (Milit.): (Angriff) assault (auf + Akk. on)

etwas im Sturm erobern od. nehmen — (auch fig.) take something by storm

gegen etwas Sturm laufen — (fig.) be up in arms against something

Sturm klingeln — ring the [door]bell like mad (coll.); lean on the [door]bell

3) (Sport): (die Stürmer) forward line

* * *

Sturm m; -(e)s, Stürme

1. storm; (starker Wind) gale; liter tempest;

das Barometer steht auf Sturm the barometer is pointing to ‘storm’; fig there’s trouble brewing;

Sturm läuten ring the alarm bell; fig (klingeln) lean on the bell;

einen Sturm der Entrüstung auslösen cause a huge (public) outcry;

Sturm des Protests/Beifalls storm of protest/tumultuous applause;

ein Sturm des Gelächters a gale of laughter;

ein Sturm im Wasserglas a storm in a teacup, US a tempest in a teapot;

bei ihnen herrscht Sturm umg they’re having a row

2.

Sturm und Drang LIT Sturm und Drang, Storm and Stress; → Sturm-und-Drang-Zeit

3. MIL (Angriff, auch fig) attack, assault;

Sturm auf Waren/eine Bank WIRTSCH rush for goods (US merchandise)/run on a bank;

Sturm laufen gegen be up in arms against;

etwas/fig

jemanden im Sturm erobern take sth by storm/sweep sb off his ( oder her) feet

4. nur sg; Sport (Stürmerreihe) forward line, forwards pl;

im Sturm spielen play in a forward position ( oder up front);

einen starken/schwachen Sturm haben have a strong/weak attack

* * *

der; Sturm[e]s, Stürme

1) storm; (heftiger Wind) gale

bei od. in Sturm und Regen — in the wind and rain

ein Sturm im Wasserglas — a storm in a teacup

2) (Milit.): (Angriff) assault (auf + Akk. on)

etwas im Sturm erobern od. nehmen — (auch fig.) take something by storm

gegen etwas Sturm laufen — (fig.) be up in arms against something

Sturm klingeln — ring the [door]bell like mad (coll.); lean on the [door]bell

3) (Sport): (die Stürmer) forward line

* * *

¨-e m.

gale n.

gustiness n.

storm n.

tempest n.

turbulence n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Sturm
14 Chronology

15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.

400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.

202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.

137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.

410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.

714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.

1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.

1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.

1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.

1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.

1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).

1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.

1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.

1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.

1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.

1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.

1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.

1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.

1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.

1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.

1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.

1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.

1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.

1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.

1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.

1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.

1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.

1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).

1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.

1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.

1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.

1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.

   King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.

   King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.

1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.

1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.

1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.

   Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.

   Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.

   Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.

1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.

1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.

1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.

1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.

1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.

1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.

1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.

1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.

1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.

1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.

1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.

1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.

1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.

1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.

1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.

1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.

1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.

1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.

1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.

1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.

1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.

1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.

1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.

1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.

1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.

   Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.

   King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.

1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of

   Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.

   Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.

   King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.

1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.

1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.

1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.

1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.

1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.

1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.

   January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.

   Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.

1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.

1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.

1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.

1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.

1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.

   May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.

   March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.

   Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.

1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.

1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January

1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.

1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."

   28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.

   February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.

   April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.

1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.

1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."

1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.

   6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.

   8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.

1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.

1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.

1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

   January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.

1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.

1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.

1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.

   March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.

   March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.

1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July

1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.

1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).

1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.

1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.

   January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.

   January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.

   November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.

   October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.

   January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.

   May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.

   October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.

   January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).

   United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.

   January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.

   1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

   May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.

   June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.

   February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.

   January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.

   July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.

2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology
15 Woge

Wo·ge <-, -n> [ʼvo:gə] f

1) ( große Welle) wave;

2) (fig: Welle) surge;

eine \Woge des Protests a surge of protest;

wenn sich die \Wogen geglättet haben when things have calmed down

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Woge
16 prote|st

m (G protestu) 1. (sprzeciw) protest
- na znak protestu (przeciwko czemuś) in protest (against sth)

- wywołać falę/burzę protestów to generate a wave/storm of protest

- wnieść/złożyć/zgłosić protest to lodge a. file a. register a protest

- wywołać protest to cause a. draw a. spark off a. trigger a protest

- stłumić protest to put down a. quell a protest

- złożyli protest w parlamencie they lodged a protest with parliament

- wystosowali protest do dyrektora generalnego w związku z… they made a protest to the director general about…

- zgodził się na wszystko bez protestu he agreed to everything without protest

- wyszedł z domu, nie zważając na protesty matki he went out, ignoring his mother’s protests
2. Fin., Prawo protest

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > prote|st

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